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Java Generics - 1. Introduction

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This is part 1 of the 9 part series on Java Generics  If someone asks me - what are the best features of Java programming since the release of 1.5? I will vouch for two of them - Generics and Annotations . What makes Generics so special is the compile time checking of a type, the restrictions on the usage of a class it provides and simply its elegance. What amazes me however, is that the programmers rarely use the full power of Generics that Java programming language provides. So I thought of writing down a series of blogs that can be used by the programmers to understand and use them. There are a series of 9 blogs on the topic. They were too large to be adjusted into just one. So, just like in programming, I decided to 'divide and conquer'. Topics 1. Introduction 2. Bounding 3. Multiple bounding 4. Generic Methods 5. Wildcards 6. Typed Classes as method parameters 7. Upper and Lower Bounds 8. Target Types 9. Type Erasure Next Topic ...
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Java Generics - 5. Wildcards

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This is part 5 of the 9 part series on Java Generics  Prev Topic Generic Methods Topics 1. Introduction 2. Bounding 3. Multiple bounding 4. Generic Methods 5. Wildcards 6. Typed Classes as method parameters 7. Upper and Lower Bounds 8. Target Types 9. Type Erasure Next Topic Typed Classes as method parameters Java Generics - Wildcards “?” wildcard in Java, means “any”. If a method takes in a declaration with <?>, it means it can take any type. Say you’d like to perform a certain operation which applies to all types (usually for a library class) , then this wildcard can be handy. Say you want a method which gives back the size of the list, but you also want to handle ‘null’ scenarios. Then you could write the code as:        public static int getSize(List<?> list ){               re...
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Java Functional Programming : 1. Introduction

This is the multi part series on Java Functional Programming  1. Introduction As per Wikipedia – “ In computer science, functional programming is a programming paradigm—a style of building the structure and elements of computer programs—that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids changing-state and mutable data. ” Lambda Calculus was first formulated by Alonzo Church in 1930 . Functional Programming finds its roots in the Lambda Calculus. Let us see a quick comparison between the two programming paradigms – Imperative and Functional. This is independent of Java programming language and will help us build the concepts later. Difference Between Imperative & Functional Languages Imperative Language Functional Language Point 1 The assignments can change over the course of program execution. A reference is associated with only one value, they do not change, are immutable ...
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